Not a single monitor can compete with todays TV's. As for changing resolution, you change it just like you normally would. Regarding a good 1080 vs 4k, this is true. A good 1080 can beat a 4k TV's PQ. However, todays standard is really high, there isn't a gap between good and bad any longer. I agree with the seating distance, but let's say you wanted a new TV and a monitor, and just switch between using source then it's a good idea.
42" 4k is perfect only 3 feet away, whether or not that's comfortable is another reason to maybe reconsider. As for actual viewing distance for higher resolutions to matter. Once you're a bit further away than what is optimal (3 feet), everything on screen is by default smaller, you'll just multiply that effect to the point you can't even read things on screen.
Regarding 1.5x and in your case 1.8x, this is actually best measured with projectors, especially DLP projectors because pixels sort of blend together, LCD projectors and TV's have clear sharp pixels showing on screen, so you have to be a bit further away. This is not always the case and it depends on who you are, as well as vision acuity. I'm personally one of those that enjoy smaller screens than larger. I use a 32" TV 10 feet away:
10 * 12 = 120
120 / 1,5 = 80
So in my case I can actually go up to a 80" 1080 TV and still not see pixels. I'm not just comfortable with anything bigger than I currently use, which is around 4x.