You might be able to enter terminal.
On the blank screen, press ctrl+alt+F1 to open a terminal session.
This site has a nice, detailed write up, but you only care about the very end, which has the commands:
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
Please note, I'm not much of a linux expert, but I've had this happen to me (using fglrx drivers). That should work, but if it doesn't, comment back here.
You can use 'links' on your machine in terminal. It's a full text web browser. To get it, it should just be:
sudo apt-get install links
You're clearly on a working machine, so that won't be needed, but my failed machine was the only one I had, so I found a site using it, and fixed my issues.
It's nearly 2am for me, so I'm off to sleep.
Edit: Do you get a BIOS screen when booting? You should be able to boot off of a live CD / USB, but your hard drive is likely the boot target. You'll need to read the manual for the specific key, but my laptop is F9 or ESC (Esc for Bios, F9 for boot options). Your computer is likely a different key, hence the manual.