OK. The problem has been that we've (you & I) have been miscommunicating.
1. First of all it's hard for me to understand why you "took my working laptop apart" to install the problem HDD. I guess you were apparently successful in installing the HDD but it's hard to understand why you did this in the first place.
2. Based on everything I know about this "problem" HDD (and frankly I'm not too certain at all that I really know "everything" from your description of the problem), there is NO viable OS relevant to that laptop that's installed on the HDD. Haven't you previously said that you removed the files and "wiped" that HDD? That being the case, there's no OS available to the laptop to boot, is there? So of course you would get a message like the one you indicated.
3. We've been discussing this "problem" in terms of a HDD installed in a USB external enclosure, isn't that so?
4. I thought (mistakenly it seems) that you were able to install the HDD as a SECONDARY drive (not a boot drive which is impossible since there's no OS installed on that HDD) in a PC and see if the HDD would be detected in Device Manager & Disk Management. And if it was so detected, to initialize, partition, & format the drive with the instructions I would provide.