Regarding USB, your mobo's rear panel has several USB 3.2 ports for easy use. See the manual p. 10. Two of the Type A (rectangular) are Gen1, and a third is Gen2 - the difference is solely in their max data transfer rate. One is the new Type C (smaller with rounded ends) also in the faster Gen 2 variety. There are no older USB 2 ports on that panel.
In addition the mobo has headers for more USB ports, but none of these are available on the rear panel. You use cables to connect from these mobo headers to sockets already mounted in your case's front panel (if any). Your first photo shows a cable for the USB2 header on your mobo - manual p. 13, items JUSB1 and 2. Your third photo shows the cable for a USB3 header plugged into your mobo header item JUSB3. These provide more sockets to access probably on your case front.
IF that USB2 cable is the only one in your case, you can get this adapter
That's a two-pack of units. You can use only one. It mounts in an unused PCIe slot on the back of your case, and its cable can plug into your second USB2 header USB2 header. to give you two more USB2 sockets.
NOTE that USB2, the older version, is much slower, so they are ideal for slow devices like keyboards and mice. Use the faster USB 3.2 sockets for new fast devices of that type. Your mobo also has one special mobo header called Type E (the manual calls it "Type C" with label JUSB4) that can be used for a special cable type to a front panel Type C socket IF your case came with that feature installed.
Many modern fans come with lights in their frames, but in reality these are TWO devices in one unit - a fan, and separate lights. So they have TWO separate cables and connectors, one for each. These normally connect to fan headers and lighting headers, and you mobo has both. Most such fans do not use any connection to USB headers, BUT there are some fan system with their own controller boxes that do need a USB connection. Tell us exactly what fan maker and model you have - and how many - so we can advise more fully.
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