I see no reason why not for some kind of home brew thing.
A couple of things I would point out in relation to aquarium pumps. As you may be aware there are pumps made for being submersible as well as for being out of water. The ones designed for being out of water are typically going to be more expensive as well as typically higher quality than the submersibles.
You will need to do some calculations on required head pressure and flow rate. Aquarium pumps will be rated for head pressure at so many vertical feet inside X size tubing. Pushing through a cooling block, tubing, and radiator will likely require a somewhat strong pump....at the same time you surely won't need something that pushes hundreds of gallons an hour either, lol.
I...