Here’s some notes I made to myself years ago regarding recovery. Taken from an experienced person who is NOT a data recovery professional.
USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. I can’t vouch for it.
First move should be to try to recover the partition itself. If it is recoverable, the data should be.
Start with free MiniTools Partition Wizard Home Edition.
Select Partition Recovery Wizard. Choose the drive, then full disk, quick scan. Quick Scan may take 5 or more hours.
If the partition is found select and double click on it. Should see all files in the Explorer.
If not found, presumably do a full scan rather than quick scan.
Close the Partition Explorer and click on Finish.
The Main Screen will show the restored Drive but may be without a drive letter.
Right click on the drive, click on Change letter and give a drive letter.
Click on Apply to execute the two pending operations.
The partition is restored and your drive will be functional as before and you can access the files and folders.
If Partition Recovery is successful, Partition Wizard will rewrite the partition table in the first sector and then you will be able to access all the data as before.
Hope that Partition Wizard does not show “bad disk” under the file system column in early stages before any scanning. A typical disk with a lost partition will instead show as either “unallocated” or “RAW”, which is usually fixable easily and means only that the first sector on the drive has been corrupted. “Bad disk” points to something other than a mere partition issue—hardware per se, and may require professional data recovery services.
The general recommendation is that if a Quick Scan fails to show the partitions, run a Full Scan. One is a Fast Sweep and the other is a sector by sector read to ascertain the beginning of a partition if a fast Sweep somehow fails to identify the beginning of the partition. So far I have not come across a case where a Quick Scan failed.
For data recovery if the partition cannot be recovered:
Try PhotoRec - which is absolutely safe since there is no way you can write to the disk even by mistake. It has no “write” command.
http://www.sevenforums.com/software/193467-guide-using-photorec-recovery-software.html
http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec
Ontrack EasyRecovery Professional from Kroll is quite good, but the demo version will only show you what files it can recover. You have to then pay circa $79 for the Home version. Advantage is that the left side pane will show you the recoverable files.
http://www.krollontrack.com/software/free-downloads/
Recuva is another possible choice for data recovery.