Can not connect to most servers

Jan 22, 2019
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Hey everyone! I'm new to this site and a complete newbie when it comes to technical stuff so here I am, asking for some advice. So, the situation looks like this: I live in a student house/dorm/apartament (can't find the best name for it) and ethernet is provided (by cable from the wall) and later I use my laptop to provide wifi to my phone. Unfortunately, with this connection I'm unable to play any games (besides Hearthstone)/connect to most servers (like Discord or other voice chats).
Is there any solution to this? What can I do? Please explain step by step what info I can provide to make it any easier. I'm using Windows 10. Thank you all in advance :)