Memory is like any other IC. You will have lot to lot variances in electrical characteristics. Even ram with the same model number from the same manufacturer is not guaranteed to be compatible with each other.
Memory sold in matched sets has had these variances accounted for.
Mismatched memory MAY work , may give subtle errors, or may not work at all. The memory controller will attempt to use the lowest settings between the mismatched sets, but cannot always accomodate the differences, especially at higher frequencies or tighter timings.