News Chinese scientists claim neural network tech unlocks 10,000X speedup in optical fiber bandwidth

Orders of magnitude is possible transceiver-to-transceiver but indeed there's plenty of other network infrastructure that makes up the backbone of the internet and DIA (direct internet access) available at the last mile to customers. Most major internet trunks still have dark fiber left untapped, so it's a matter of where this can be applied to eliminate bottlenecks and how cost-effective it is.
As for going across oceans, yes, fewer fiber strands and even fewer trans-ocean fiber cables themselves would be a potential win.
 
The writer has mischaracterized single mode and multi-mode fiber. Global long haul telecommunications run on single mode fiber which is capable of multiplexing over a hundred high-bandwidth channels or wavelengths over a single fiber. The standard bandwidth for each channel in 10 or 40 Gbps. Even higher bandwidths are being pursued. Typical mult-mode can't support more than 5 multiplexed channels with a limit of 6 Gbps and only over short distances due the dispersion of the light.