Bios doesn't really care what the disk contents as such are, only if the disk exists.
the P in the sata list means port and according to that list, computer doesn't see any attached disks, SSD or HDD which might be the problem.
ALL computers have a separate battery for bios, in desktops it is round battery of type CR2032 3v
BIOS settings are reset to defaults (and computer usually wants you to check them before going forward) if BIOS is reset (jumper) or battery is removed while computer is powered off. (you should NOT remove the battery while it is on)
As for clock speeds, it seems that at the moment at least processor clocks are normal (3500MHz which is default for I7-4770k)
Possible problem might be memory clock speeds since XMP (eXtended Memory Profile) is disabled which is what most likely would contain correct clock speeds for the ram. It should work as DDR3-1333 what it is now also but I was just mentioning possible problems that might cause you to end up in BIOS on restart.
The follow up question would be... boot more and see if the disk is missing each time you end up in bios.
if so, I would blame that, be it the disk or the sata port in question.
or possibly not well attached sata cable going between motherboard and disk (you could try with different sata cable)
or possibly not well attached sata power cable (you could try with different sata power cable)
cable problems are bit unlikely though since they would cause problems also while you are in windows and not only on restart/startup
Depending on installation, you might be able to try to attach the disk to different sata port, this could mean that windows fails to load though since it can't find the disk on the port it thinks it should be at but if that gets past the automatically to BIOS screen, it is most often a fixable problem. (and would mean that the sata port is broken, meaning broken motherboard which is most likely still under warranty)