News Conversion Adapter Lets You Install Short M.2 SSDs Into Xbox Series X, S

If this is possible, it seems like someone could definitely create an adapter that would work with the more "normal" 2280 NVMe/SSD cards. It would just stick way far out of the back of the system.
 
If this is possible, it seems like someone could definitely create an adapter that would work with the more "normal" 2280 NVMe/SSD cards. It would just stick way far out of the back of the system.

You clearly didn't read the entire article. It's not just the hardware or connection interface, it's also the firmware that is specific to being compatible.

Even if you wrote a custom firmware that IS compatible with the Xbox and that nvme, you would have gone through numerous drives (probably bricking quite a few). And EVEN THEN, mid batch, manufacturers change chips on nvme's and don't change the model number or even differentiate them from the original launch product. Which in turn, results in a an infinite loop of incompatible firmware and it either not working or bricking.

So TLDR: It's not that simple.