This seems like a theoratical question, like settling a debate between beers.
If so, answer is no. What a DDoS would do to your computer depends on which side of the attack you are. If you are on the receiving end, it will clog your external connectivity and only that. If your computer is being used as part of an attack, it will use some resources (cpu/mem), but mostly network again. Nothing that would damage the hardware.
Now if you are actually concerned about a DDoS damaging your stuff, don't worry, not gonna happen.