I'm currently in a Networking course in college. One of my assignments this week was to "Describe what happens at each layer of the model as data travels down from highest to lowest layers."
This is something I'm completely new to, and I'm trying to understand it as best as possible. If I could get some feedback on my submission (before actually submitting it), that would help me out immensely!
This is what I managed to come up with & I'm afraid I'm missing something:
Layer 7 (Application): The user creates data, called a “payload”, through an application at this level. The application interacts with protocols such as HTTP to send information down to the Operating System.
Layer 6 (Presentation): The payload is converted from the system’s format into a format understood by the network, by the Operating System and passed down.
Layer 5 (Session): The sending host communicates with the receiving host, and keeps the information synchronized throughout the session.
Layer 4 (Transport): This layer adds a header at the front of the data in a process called “encapsulation”. A protocol is then used for further transmission. Using TCP will split large amounts of information into smaller groups called “segments”. UDP will send the information, now referenced as a “datagram”.
Layer 3 (Network): The IP protocol is used to add a network header to the information, now called a “packet”, and uses IP addresses to send the packet to the destination node.
Layer 2 (Data Link): This layer adds information to the end of the packet and communicates through local protocols, “Wi-Fi”, or “Ethernet”, to ensure information, called a “frame” in this stage, is sent between local hardware to the network hardware.
Layer 1 (Physical): All local hardware uses electricity to send the lowest form of data, “bits”, between the building’s wiring and the sending node.
Layer 1 (Physical): An electric current sends “bits” between the local hardware and the receiving node.
Layer 2 (Data Link): The local hardware passes the information up to a data link switch, and on to a router. The router removes the frame’s trailer & header, and passes the packet up.
Layer 3 (Network): The network layer checks the packet’s destination IP address, sends it down once again to the data link layer to receive a new trailer & header, passes the frame to the destination hardware. The frame’s new trailer & header are removed and sends the packet up to the network layer once more. The IP header is removed and sent up.
Layer 4 (Transport): TCP/UDP remove their respective headers and pass the data up.
Layer 5 & 6 (Session & Presentation): The payload is received and decrypted by the OS and sent to the final layer.
Layer 7 (Application): Here, the payload is displayed on the receiving node for the end user to interact with.
Thanks again for any help!
This is something I'm completely new to, and I'm trying to understand it as best as possible. If I could get some feedback on my submission (before actually submitting it), that would help me out immensely!
This is what I managed to come up with & I'm afraid I'm missing something:
Layer 7 (Application): The user creates data, called a “payload”, through an application at this level. The application interacts with protocols such as HTTP to send information down to the Operating System.
Layer 6 (Presentation): The payload is converted from the system’s format into a format understood by the network, by the Operating System and passed down.
Layer 5 (Session): The sending host communicates with the receiving host, and keeps the information synchronized throughout the session.
Layer 4 (Transport): This layer adds a header at the front of the data in a process called “encapsulation”. A protocol is then used for further transmission. Using TCP will split large amounts of information into smaller groups called “segments”. UDP will send the information, now referenced as a “datagram”.
Layer 3 (Network): The IP protocol is used to add a network header to the information, now called a “packet”, and uses IP addresses to send the packet to the destination node.
Layer 2 (Data Link): This layer adds information to the end of the packet and communicates through local protocols, “Wi-Fi”, or “Ethernet”, to ensure information, called a “frame” in this stage, is sent between local hardware to the network hardware.
Layer 1 (Physical): All local hardware uses electricity to send the lowest form of data, “bits”, between the building’s wiring and the sending node.
Layer 1 (Physical): An electric current sends “bits” between the local hardware and the receiving node.
Layer 2 (Data Link): The local hardware passes the information up to a data link switch, and on to a router. The router removes the frame’s trailer & header, and passes the packet up.
Layer 3 (Network): The network layer checks the packet’s destination IP address, sends it down once again to the data link layer to receive a new trailer & header, passes the frame to the destination hardware. The frame’s new trailer & header are removed and sends the packet up to the network layer once more. The IP header is removed and sent up.
Layer 4 (Transport): TCP/UDP remove their respective headers and pass the data up.
Layer 5 & 6 (Session & Presentation): The payload is received and decrypted by the OS and sent to the final layer.
Layer 7 (Application): Here, the payload is displayed on the receiving node for the end user to interact with.
Thanks again for any help!
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