Well, you apparently tried the first level of repair and it did not work... on to next step(s).
I almost don't know where to start because the actual problem isn't in front of me, so read everything here first, and here goes...
Start>Run>Gpedit.msc Navigate to:
User Configuration\Administrative Templates\Start Menu and Taskbar
Have a look around and see what items are disabled or whatever. "Not Configured" is the default setting. Of course, anything that is disabled won't work or won't show.
User Configuration\Administrative Templates\Desktop\Active Desktop,
Double-click Prohibit Changes and set it to Not Configured (as needed)
Double-click Disable Active Desktop and set it to Not Configured (as needed)...