In simple terms, each hard drive spins at a set speed while in operation.
For example two drives in a Raid 0 configuration spin at 7200 Rpm.
It is not the speed that the disks spin at but the fact that each of the drives can read a set amount of data at a given time.
If you Raid two drives together, you are increasing the amount of read and write operations that happen due to doubling the amount of read and write heads in synchronous operation in a raid 0 array for example, by pairing them together to act as a single drive.
A larger amount, or block of data can be read, or written in the same amount of given time it would take a single drive to perform because to equal the Data transferred by a raid 0 configuration of drives.
The single drive would have to perform two read or writing sessions of data, to equal the size of data a raid 0 array would do in one read or write session.
You are moving a larger block of data in less time. In a Raid array the bandwidth is increased, the amount of data you can physically transfer in one request for reading or writing operations.