Not directly since both operating systems are not running at the same time. You could place files into a common folder and then access them from whatever OS you are using at the time.
Linux is able to see your windows partition and to read and write to it directly, you just have to find the mount point and mount it if your linux distro doesn't do that automatically.
For windows you would need to run a 'linux file system access tool' ( <google this)
to read write to a linux partition.