You can stop case fans manually with a finger tip to see if the noise disappears.
Old car mechanic trick: use something like the cardboard axle of a paper towel or toilet paper roll to act as a megaphone to locate and intensify the noise...one end at your ear and the other end right up against the fan to be tested.
You can use the blade of a screwdriver for the same megaphone effect, with your thumb over the end of the screwdriver handle and your thumb up tight against your ear. You should be able to hear bearing noise.