Just because your TV says it has a refresh rate of 120Hz or 240Hz, does that mean it's actually refreshing at 120Hz or 240Hz? Nope, not necessarily. One of the latest marketing techniques, shall we say "gifts for fiction," is using different technology to approximate the effect of a higher refresh rate, without actually driving the TV at the higher rate.
Confused? Yep, that's the point. Hopefully I can deconfusify you.
The problem is, it's more expensive to make an LCD that refreshes at a higher rate, and "120Hz" and "240Hz" have been marketing gold for the TV manufacturers. So in an effort to drive the numbers ever higher (my 960 is better than your 480!) and include "higher refresh" in lower-priced TVs, the manufacturers have gotten a bit...creative.
Unlike contrast ratio, fake refresh numbers aren't complete fabrications. There's often a fairly simple (if logically dubious) method for determining each company's refresh rate claims. There are two primary methods for boosting the numbers, beyond actually using a faster refresh panel.
The first is a scanning or flashing backlight. All LCDs have a backlight to create the light used by the liquid crystal to create an image. Typically this is always on, or at least cycling at the same 60Hz the rest of the TV runs at. If the TV instead flashes this backlight rapidly, your eye would see the image, a moment of black, then the image again. It does this so fast, you don't see the flicker. Technically, you're seeing each frame of the image twice per second. This is a common practice, and can reduce motion blur. The issue is calling it "120Hz" when it's really just a 60Hz TV with a scanning backlight causing you to see the same frame twice in a row.
Another method for potentially reducing motion blur slightly, but increasing the claimed refresh rate a lot, is video processing. Often this is "motion smoothing."
Because so many TVs are marketed with a combination of the above either in addition to, or instead of, actually increasing the refresh rate, manufacturers don't want you to know what the actual refresh is. So here's what a few of them call their higher refresh tech, and what it really means.
LG TruMotion
LG isn't exactly transparent with its TruMotion tech. The description reads: "TruMotion increases the standard 60Hz refresh rate -- how often the image is rendered on the TV screen -- which drastically reduces blur and yields crisper details. It's a boon to all fast-action video, but most especially sports, so you won't miss a thing. LG TruMotion 120Hz, 240Hz, or 480Hz is available on select-model LCD TVs." Only one TV seems to have TruMotion 480Hz. The rest are TruMotion 240 or TruMotion 120. Their tech specs typically just say "Refresh rate: TruMotion 240Hz."
The one LG LED LCD we've reviewed so far this year, the 60LA8600, is listed by LG as "TruMotion (frame rate): 240Hz," and we found out from LG that it is a 240Hz refresh panel. On the other hand, last year's 55LM6700 had a claimed "240Hz effect" but actually had worse motion resolution than some 120Hz TVs. So don't assume their numbers describe the panel refresh.
Toshiba ClearScan and ClearFrame
Toshiba, like some of the other companies here, doesn't go into detail about its ClearScan and ClearFrame tech. "Toshiba ClearFrame 120Hz doubles normal 60Hz performance to reduce blurring caused by fast-action video. And our ClearScan 240Hz goes a step beyond, quadrupling the 60Hz rate to create a 240Hz effect. They both improve picture clarity dramatically, without impacting brightness or adding flicker. And for those who prefer a more film-like picture, ClearScan 240Hz also offers a 5:5 pull-down option."
Since the one ClearScan 120Hz TV we've reviewed of Toshiba's this year was most definitely a 60Hz LCD, it's, ahem, clear the company is taking liberties in what "120Hz" actually means.
Vizio SPS
"SPS (Scenes Per Second) combines advanced 120Hz technology with scanning backlight for enhanced detail." In other words, a "240Hz SPS" is a 120Hz TV with a scanning backlight. On the Web site, the company says things like "240Hz Effective Refresh Rate," "120Hz Effective Refresh Rate," and "Enhanced with smooth motion and backlight scanning for amazing sharpness," so it's being fairly upfront about what's going on...sort of. Here's what David found out with this year's E420i-A1: "Vizio actually uses the term '120Hz effective refresh rate' on this and other TVs, including the E601i-A3. But while that set has the smoothing and motion resolution we expect from a 120Hz TV, the E0i-A1 series has neither. That's why we're sticking with the '60Hz' specification, despite what Vizio says." In other words, Vizio has two TVs, both labeled with "120Hz effective refresh rate," but one is a 60Hz panel with backlight scanning and the other is a true 120Hz panel.