Your tests were very useful.
It indicates that your primary limitation is more graphics than cpu.
GTX1060 represents a significant 3 tier jump.
Note that the 6gb version is stronger. The difference is not so much as the extra 3gb vram as the increase in the number of cuda cores.
The corsair VS series are not highly regarded.
You need a 450w psu for the GTX1060.
I have no problem overprovisioning a PSU a bit. Say 20%.
It will allow for a stronger future graphics card upgrade.
It will run cooler, quieter, and more efficiently in the middle third of it's range.
A PSU will only use the wattage demanded of it, regardless of it's max capability.
Try to buy a tier 1 or 2 unit from a quality list such as this:
http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/id-2547993/psu-tier-list.html
Seasonic is always good.
Not on the list but highly regarded is the new Seasonic focus series.
https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16817151204