You need to reboot after unchecking the box. If it still shows a single core:
Which processor do you have exactly?
Check the bios and make sure there is no setting in there limiting the number of cores being used.
If you upgraded from a single core processor to a multi-core processor then you need to reinstall windows.
If you are using a 'previously used' harddrive then its possible that the previous system had a single core processor and you need to reinstall windows.