In real time? There is only one affordable way that I know of...
P3 P4400 Kill A Watt Electricity Usage Monitor $17.57
Easiest way is to do one of the following:
If you do not have a discrete video card, Then assume your system uses roughly 250 watts and you should be good.
If you do have a discrete power supply, find out what the company whose name is on the video card recommends as the minimum capacity your power supply should be, and go a bit higher than that. In other words, if company Xyz sells a video card, and recommends a minimum 500 watt power supply, I like to get a 650 to 750 watt unit.
Why go higher? Because after building computer systems for almost 4 decades now, I have come to the conclusion that buying a high quality power supply, and giving it a fair amount of spare capacity seems to make them last far longer, which means your system lasts longer too.