Are you having any odd performance issues with other USB devices?
There's a first time for everything, but while I've had motherboards with failing USB controllers in the past -- it's one of the reasons I upgrade the 3770K PC to an 8700K in 2018 -- I've never seen one fail in quite this way. Generally, they stop working intermittently or don't work at all.
I would be highly surprised if this had anything to do with the PSU.
Given the very specific and odd symptoms of the problem, I'm wondering if there's an issue with your Windows itself or possibly an odd bit of virus or malware.
This is an odd question that I can't believe I'm asking with a straight face, but have you checked your mousepad/mousemat? It's possible something happened to the surface or texture, or something small that got under the pad changed your perceptions of the mouse's performance? I have a cat that pushes coins under my mousepad and when that happens, there's an almost imperceptible bump that stutters the movement a little (and then I let out an expletive because I always forget to not leave coins around). A bizarre suggestion, I know, but a free one.