The main concerns I have about this are:
- China could run older fabs out of business by operating at artificially low prices (i.e. "dumping").
- China could sew up the supply chain of critical input materials for fabs.
#1 can be partially addressed through tariffs, but unless they're rather expansive, you still have the problem of devices containing chips made on their cut-price nodes gaining a price advantage over devices which don't.
#2 requires some foresight and securing long-term supply contracts from where these resources mostly originate. Of course, a lot of the raw materials originate from relatively unstable countries, and if a regime is overthrown, then the new one might not honor contracts from before, preferring to renegotiate better terms or with customers they deem more favorable to their interests.
The long-term goal should simply be to have fair competition and a level playing field.