There is no book or diagram for this but let compare both, this will and probably sounds obvious and perhaps "talk down to you" please do not take it this way, I am French and English is my second language and sometime I come across condescending but I am truly not.
you will have to do detective work that none of us can help with. I can point out what may be the obvious for you at this time, but neither of us know the tech knowledge so I will just go through motions to cover everything I know that can possibly help you getting all these things sorted out. having transferred Asus boards to Custom cases the problem being reversed but method remains.
NB: you will have to take the pins out from the connectors, and wrap a little electrical tape on each metal lead and you will have to pin them manually. but wait before you proceed. read further.
1. the front panel cables run to the options listed on this page of the manual
https://www.manualslib.com/manual/412291/Asus-Cm1855.html?page=11#manual &
https://www.manualslib.com/manual/412291/Asus-Cm1855.html?page=12#manual
And this is as useful as the manual is, but my point is you will and should pop that front bezel, and trace each group of wires, I suspect on the block of 2 connectors that will be your pwr led hdd led etc. basically look at colour of the wires and trace them back to each item on the main bezel, I could be wrong, I cannot see the other end of wires and what red, black, green etc.. are connected to.
2 .looking at the board, the diagram for the I/O connector is simple to find I understand we do not seem to find the EXACT manual for your board, but trust me when I say 99% of the boards use a extremely similar configuration for years now. now looking on page
https://www.manualslib.com/manual/889515/Asus-M5a97.html?page=26#manual
the connector pictures below is what will permit you to find a home for the paired wires you have discovered in step 1.
use pen to paper to marks colour wires to track them down. the manual pages show the other connectors and such, and it is possible that 4 pin is a usb 2 connector just a different connector format than the industry standard is currently, (HP., Dell., ASUS and Acer pre built are design on purpose this way to force people to keep cases. ) could be led and speaker wires for all we know.. again tracing the wires will reveal their function
there is no easy way out of this I am afraid an patience will be your guide... if you cannot identify a location where a set of wires are supposed to go, keep us appraised we are here to help.
now to address you question about " will I break anything.. " if the tips are covered and do not touch each other by this protection you will not break anything, But power is power, short leads (negative on positive) can cause things to not work. black is normally ground in any electrical and red is hot wire. , ALWAYS disconnect the power supply from power and give it a minute to dissipate before messing with wires.
gluck.