Close. Much also depends on the fans. There's almost always a 120mm rear exhaust (don't ask me why in most cases) that tends to run high rpm. That creates a significant vacuum in the surrounding area of the case. Which can and will be a fresh air/dust draw from the pci slots and other small gaps directly under the fan. Which of course are not filtered. This'll happen no matter how much the case is supposedly 'positive' pressure.
Also, unless all case fans are run at max speeds consistently, and are identical fans, you'll not get consistent results. Different fans have different cfm curves at different speeds, so even if you have 3x 120mm intakes, and 2x 120mm exhausts, you can still have a negative pressure case if the cfm of the exhausts exceeds the cfm of the intakes. And then you speed up the fans and the cfm curve changes and the case goes from negative to positive.
The only way around most dust accumulation is to seal up the case as best as possible. Fill the cracks, cover unused fan ports, if using top fans, cover when not in use etc. This'll mean that as much as possible, any air intake will be filtered. Then positive/negative really has no affect, a balanced intake/exhaust being preferable for airflow characteristics.
Also, dust isn't all one size, there will always be micro particulate dust that'll work its way through anything but the most expensive HVAC filters. So no matter what you do, you will get dust. Period. The only thing different will be the frequency of required periodic cleanings.