You should have gotten in to the habit of backing up your data as a matter of good sense all the time, instead of waiting till something goes wrong. All hard drives completely fail sooner or later, and when that happens you've no chance of getting data off it without paying a lot of money to a recovery specialist.
Anyway, you may have been lucky and the drive may be okay. Remove it and put it into a 2.5-inch external hard drive enclosure.
Then plug the enclosure in to a USB port on any working computer. Copy the data to two other locations for safety, then put the drive back in your laptop.