I3 vs dual core

Dual core Pentiums do not have hyperthreading. i3 processors are still dual core, but have hyperthreading... so they can sometimes handle 4 threads at once. That would be the primary difference.

i5 processors are true quad core, and i7 processors are quad core with hyperthreading.

So for instance if you run Prime95 with a Pentium you will have 2 threads. With an i3 you will have 4.