There's no way to know how much debt China has since they don't release reliable figures. Germany on the other hand we know has 2.4 trillion in debt...less than 10% of the US total.
As far as everyone saying the same thing about a dollar crash and hyperinflation in 2008 we did not have 30 trillion in debt...we had one third of that.
At some point soon the US government will be unable to pay back any principle at all and will only be making payments to service the interest charges...at that point the US will be essential flat broke and the currency will be worthless.
https://www.pgpf.org/infographic/the-national-debt-is-now-more-than-28-trillion-what-does-that-mean
At the risk of sounding pedantic, "printing money" typically refers to something different that national deficit and debt. Printing money is when the central bank (e.g. Federal Reserve) buys assets and thereby creates new money. National debt/deficit is created by the treasury selling debt (i.e. bonds). The two are definitely closely related though, especially since quantitative easing became popular, as the central bank ends up acting as a backstop for buying the debt the treasury is selling.
Talking about national debt, it's a bit odd to do so in absolute terms, rather than relative to GDP or population. As a percent of GDP the US is still much worse than Germany, but it's more like 2x, rather than 10x (US debt was ~130% of GDP as of 2017). But to put that in perspective, Japan's debt has been over 100% of GDP for decades, and has been over 200% for years.
Regarding your link, keep in mind the sole purpose of that foundation is concern over debt/spending, and they've been posting articles like that since its inception over a decade ago.
Don't get me wrong, the massive debt and spending of the US is definitely something that warrants concern and some serious thought. But I'm not convinced the US is uniquely bad in this regard, or that it's necessarily spelling imminent financial doom for the country.