Above answer partially cover it.
As said it can be PCB related issue, which is not common but it happen, then there is logical or physical issue on the platters. Logical issues were common of FAT32 partitions back in the days, you could loose some data due some power shortage. Nowadays newer drives and NTFS handles this better but the chance still exist, hence that's why chkdsk command still exist.
First of all, is the drive visible in the bios? If yes then it's very unlikely this is a PCB issue.
Second step depends of do you want to try to recover any data or not. This would require different path to be taken.
If you want to try to recover something then you would need additional drive to boot to a working OS and try to use some recovery software or try to get a bootable CD/flash drive with some diagnostics and recovery software. Not sure what is used lately, since I'm not up to date but there were Hiren's Boot's and Windows PE's for this specific usage.
If you don't want to recover anything then i would try to boot Windows Installer from DVD/flashdrive and check if you are able to find that drive, delete all partitions, make a new one and format it.