Generally speaking, you can install a second RAM stick and the RAM will operate in dual channel mode. I say generally, because it is recommended you purchase "matched pairs" RAM to guarantee the RAM will work in dual channel mode because they have been verified to do so. Having said that, the chances of using unmatched paired of RAM (or mix and match) and still operate in dual mode is pretty good.
My old Lenovo Ideapad Y470 only had a stick of Crucial 4GB RAM. My brother gave me a spare Kingston 2GB RAM stick which I installed it operated fine with no issues. I verified the RAM (a total of 6GB) was operating in dual channel mode by using a program called CPU-Z; in the memory tab the "Channels #" field stated "Dual" which meant the RAM was operating in dual channel mode. Prior to installing the 2GB stick of RAM, it stated "Single".
Typically speaking, you want both RAM sticks to be of the same capacity because that will give you the best performance. Especially if the RAM are matched pairs because they are guaranteed to work in dual channel mode with each other. However, mixing different RAM capacities is not the end of the world. There was an article I read couple of years ago (which is a lot more recent than the linked article above from 2004) which tested RAM used in dual channel mode. Basically, using unmatched pairs of different RAM capacities yielded about 95% the performance compared to using matched paired of RAM where both sticks are the same capacity.
Did I see an increase in gaming performance when I installed the 2GB stick of RAM into my Lenovo Ideapad Y470? No, but that is because it has the nVidia GT 550m GPU with it's own dedicated 2GB of VRAM.