The rear exhaust fan would be fine using an airflow series fan. Your case already has an exhaust fan though. Typically an airflow fan would do well as a top exhaust too. Generally front intakes, radiator and air cooler fans benefit from higher static pressure.
With dust filters it's about trying to find balance. No filter means dust gets sucked inside but air moves freely. As the squares of the filter mesh get smaller and smaller, they do a better job of filtering more and more dust. At the same time, it means fresh air has to be pulled through all those little holes. It's not really problematic because of the thickness, but the size of the holes in the filter. Also as the filter does a better and better job, the more dust it traps the more clogged the filter becomes and the faster it fills up with dust. That's what it's supposed to do, stop the dust from entering but as dust builds up and clogs the filter it's now also blocking airflow. It's more about finding a balance between the two.
One user who was using a popular aftermarket filter made by demciflex tried removing their filter and noticed gpu temps dropped 5c.
http://hardforum.com/archive/index.php/t-1652856.html
Your case is a bit different since it has just the mesh dust filter but many cases with an 'open' air design front use a small honeycomb type mesh airflow panel. Here's a test done on various fan vent designs. Note that it's not regarding filters which are finer, but just the grilles. Using the figures they provide if a case has that 'airflow' type front metal mesh cover for air to flow directly into the pc case, it restricted their intake fan's airflow into the case by 10% alone. Factor a fine mesh air filter on top of that or in your situation, instead of that. Airflow is liable to be 15% less than what the fan is actually rated for.
https://www.pugetsystems.com/labs/articles/Effects-of-Grill-Patterns-on-Fan-Performance-Noise-107/
Stated fan ratings for cfm airflow values are in a completely open air environment with nothing in the way of it. Real world performance from fans will vary as they have to push or pull air through different grilles, filters etc. A bicycle can cruise along just fine on flat ground at 10-15mph same as a motorcycle with more power. Come up to a hill (an obstruction) and the bicycle will slow down a lot where the motorcycle will keep going. The difference in power is sort of like static pressure, the higher the pressure the more 'power' to keep going under load.