usually at the pc store you can just do this:
(0) make sure they are the same "general type" (ie, DDR2 for pc or DDR2 for laptop, DDR3 for which, etc). there are some exceptions to this but they can't all be answered here (i know MSI has a support diagram for it and that it's not complete)
(1) make sure they are voltage is compatible
(2) make sure the speed your board with run the memory is a speed that's equal or below what the memory can do and make SURE you know how to set bios to insure that (easiest way: get memory that is faster than the MB is)
(3) these days, you may need to install 2 banks not 1 to get the speed you deserve out of your 16GB purchase
the latency rating matters some, but not as much as if you get 1 bank instead of 2 banks (a pair)