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Memtest86 - A Stand-alone Memory Diagnostic
Memtest86 is thorough, stand alone memory test for x86 architecture computers. BIOS based memory tests are only a quick check and often miss many of the failures that are detected by Memtest86.
Memtest86 is released under the terms of the Gnu Public License (GPL). Other than the provisions of the GNU pubic licence (GPL) there are no restrictions for use, private or commercial.
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Download
Memtest86 3.0 Release
Memtest86 2.9 Release
Usage
Online Commands
Memory Sizing
Error Display
Troubleshooting Memory Errors
Execution Time
Detailed Description
Memory Testing Philosophy
Memtest86 Test Algorithms
Individual Test Descriptions
Problem Reporting - Contact Information
Donations
Known Problems
Planned Features List
Change Log
Acknowledgments
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Memtest86 3.0 Release (22/May/2002)
Enhancements in v3.0
Testing of more than 2gb of memory is at last fixed (tested with 6Gb)
The infrastructure to poll ecc error reporting chipset regisets, and the support has been done for some chipsets.
Uses dynamic relocation information records to make itself PIC instead of requiring 2 copies of memtest86 in the binary.
The serial console code does not do redundant writes to the serial port. Very little slow down at 9600 baud.
You can press ^l or just l to get a screen refresh, when you are connecting and unconnecting a serial cable.
Netbooting is working again
LinuxBIOS support (To get the memory size)
Many bugfixes and code cleanup
Download - Linux Memtest86 v3.0 Source and binary Package
Download - Pre-Compiled Memtest86 v3.0 installable from Windows and DOS
NEW! - ISO images suitable for creating a bootable Memtest86 CDROM
Download - Memtest86 v3.0 ISO image (zip)
Download - Memtest86 v3.0 ISO image (gzip)
Memtest86 2.9 Release
Version 3.0 is the preferred release. The 2.9 release is provided here as an alternative.
Download - Linux Memtest86 v2.9 Source and binary Package
Download - Pre-Compiled Memtest86 v2.9 installable from Windows and DOS
Since Memtest86 is a standalone program it does not require any operating system support for execution. It can be used with any PC regardless of what operating system, if any, is installed. The test image may be loaded from a floppy disk or may be loaded via LILO on Linux systems. Any Unix, Windows or DOS system may be used to create a boot floppy or bootable CDROM.
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Online Commands
Memtest86 has a limited number of online commands. Online commands provide control over cache settings, error report modes, test selection and test address range. A help bar is displayed at the bottom of the screen listing the available on-line commands.
Command Description
ESC Exits the test and does a warm restart via the BIOS.
c Enters test configuration menu
Menu options are:
1) Cache mode
2) Test selection
3) Address Range
4) Memory Sizing
5) Error Summary
6) Error Report Mode
7) ECC Mode
8) Restart Test
9) Reprint Screen
SP Set scroll lock (Stops scrolling of error messages)
Note: Testing is stalled when the scroll lock is
set and the scroll region is full.
CR Clear scroll lock (Enables error message scrolling)
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Memory Sizing
The BIOS in modern PC's will often reserve several sections of memory for it's use and also to communicate information to the operating system (ie. ACPI tables). It is just as important to test these reserved memory blocks as it is for the remainder of memory. For proper operation all of memory needs to function properly regardless of what the eventual use is. For this reason Memtest86 has been designed to test as much memory as is possible.
However, safely and reliably detecting all of the available memory has been problematic. Versions of Memtest86 prior to v2.9 would probe to find where memory is. This works for the vast majority of motherboards but is not 100% reliable. Sometimes the memory size detection is incorrect and worse probing the wrong places can in some cases cause the test to hang or crash.
Starting in version 2.9 alternative methods are available for determining memory size. By default the test attempts to get the memory size from the BIOS using the "e820" method. With "e820" the BIOS provides a table of memory segments and identifies what they will be used for. By default Memtest86 will test all of the ram marked as available and also the area reserved for the ACPI tables. This is safe since the test does not use the ACPI tables and the "e820" specifications state that this memory may be reused after the tables have been copied. Although this is a safe default some memory will not be tested.
Two additional options are available through online configuration options. The first option (BIOS-All) also uses the "e820" method to obtain a memory map. However, when this option is selected all of the reserved memory segments are tested, regardless of what their intended use is. The only exception is memory segments that begin above 3gb. Testing has shown that these segments are typically not safe to test. The BIOS-All option is more thorough but could be unstable with some motherboards.
The third option for memory sizing is the traditional "Probe" method. This is a very thorough but not entirely safe method. In the majority of cases the BIOS-All and Probe methods will return the same memory map. For older BIOS's that do not support the "e820" method there are two additional methods (e801 and e88) for getting the memory size from the BIOS. These methods only provide the amount of extended memory that is available, not a memory table. When the e801 and e88 methods are used the BIOS-All option will not be available. The MemMap field on the display shows what memory size method is in use. Also the RsvdMem field shows how much memory is reserved and is not being tested.
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Error Display
Memtest has two options for reporting errors. The default is to report individual errors. Memtest is also able to create patterns used by the Linux BadRAM feature. This slick feature allows Linux to avoid bad memory pages. Details about the BadRAM feature can be found at:
http://home.zonnet.nl/vanrein/badram
For individual errors the following information is displayed when a memory error is detected. An error message is only displayed for errors with a different address or failing bit pattern. All displayed values are in hexadecimal.
Tst: Test Number
Failing Address: Failing memory address
Good: Expected data pattern
Bad: Failing data pattern
Err-Bits: Exclusive or of good and bad data (this shows the position of the failing bit(s))
Count: Number of consecutive errors with the same address and failing bits
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Troubleshooting Memory Errors
Please be aware that not all errors reported by Memtest86 are due to bad memory. The test implicitly tests the CPU, L1 and L2 caches as well as the motherboard. It is impossible for the test to determine what causes the failure to occur. However, most failures will be due to a problem with memory. When it is not, the only option is to replace parts until the failure is corrected.
Once a memory error has been detected, determining the failing SIMM/DIMM module is not a clear cut procedure. With the large number of motherboard vendors and possible combinations of SIMM slots it would be difficult if not impossible to assemble complete information about how a particular error would map to a failing memory module. However, there are steps that may be taken to determine the failing module. Here are four techniques that you may wish to use:
1) Removing modules
This is simplest method for isolating a failing modules, but may only be employed when one or more modules can be removed from the system. By selectively removing modules from the system and then running the test you will be able to find the bad modules. Be sure to note exactly which modules are in the system when the test passes and when the test fails.
2) Rotating modules
When none of the modules can be removed then you may wish to rotate modules to find the failing one. This technique can only be used if there are three or more modules in the system. Change the location of two modules at a time. For example put the module from slot 1 into slot 2 and put the module from slot 2 in slot 1. Run the test and if either the failing bit or address changes then you know that the failing module is one of the ones just moved. By using several combinations of module movement you should be able to determine which module is failing.
3) Replacing modules
If you are unable to use either of the previous techniques then you are left to selective replacement of modules to find the failure.
4) Avoiding allocation
The printing mode for BadRAM patterns is intended to construct boot time parameters for a Linux kernel that is compiled with BadRAM support. This work-around makes it possible for Linux to reliably run on your average damaged RAM (or clearly panic if it cannot). For more information on BadRAM support for Linux, sail to
http://home.zonnet.nl/vanrein/badram
Sometimes memory errors show up due to component incompatibility. A memory DIMM/SIMM may work fine in one system and not in another. This is not uncommon and is a source of confusion. In these situations the components are not necessarily bad but have marginal conditions that when combined with other components will cause errors.
I have had numerous reports of errors in only tests 5 and 8 on Athlon systems. Often the memory works in a different system or the vendor insists that it is good. In these cases the memory is not necessarily bad but is not able to operate reliably at Athlon speeds. Sometimes more conservative memory timings on the motherboard will correct these errors. In other cases the only option is to replace the memory with better quality, higher speed memory. Don't buy cheap memory and expect it to work with an Athlon! On occasion test 5/8 errors will occur even with name brand memory and a quality motherboard. These errors are legitimate and should be corrected.
I am often asked about the reliability of errors reported by Mestest86. In the vast majority of cases errors reported by the test are valid. There are some systems that cause Memtest86 to be confused about the size of memory and it will try to test non-existent memory. This will cause a large number of consecutive addresses to be reported as bad and generally there will be many bits in error. If you have a relatively small number of failing addresses and only one or two bits in error you can be certain that the errors are valid. Also intermittent errors are almost without exception valid. Frequently memory vendors question if Memtest86 supports their particular memory type or a chipset. Memtest86 is designed to work with all memory types and all chipsets. Only support for ECC requires knowledge of the chipset.
All valid memory errors should be corrected. It is possible that a particular error will never show up in normal operation. However, operating with marginal memory is risky and can result in data loss and even disk corruption. Even if there is no overt indication of problems you cannot assume that your system is unaffected. Sometimes intermittent errors can cause problems that do not show up for a long time. You can be sure that Murphy will get you if you know about a memory error and ignore it.
Memtest86 can not diagnose many types of PC failures. For example a faulty CPU that causes Windows to crash will most likely just cause Memtest86 to crash in the same way.
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Execution Time
The time required for a complete pass of Memtest86 will vary greatly depending on CPU speed, memory speed and memory size. Here are the execution times from a Pentium-II-366 with 64mb of RAM: Test 0 0:05
Test 1 0:18
Test 2 1:02
Test 3 1:38
Test 4 8:05
Test 5 1:40
Test 6 4:24
Test 7 6:04
Total (default tests) 23:16
Test 8 12:30
Test 9 49:30
Test 10 30:34
Test 11 3:29:40
Total (all tests) 5:25:30
Memtest86 continues executes indefinitely. The pass counter increments each time that all of the selected tests have been run. Generally a single pass is sufficient to catch all but the most obscure errors. However, for complete confidence when intermittent errors are suspected testing for a longer period is advised.
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Memory Testing Philosophy
There are many good approaches for testing memory. However, many tests simply throw some patterns at memory without much thought or knowledge of the memory architecture or how errors can best be detected. This works fine for hard memory failures but does little to find intermittent errors. The BIOS based memory tests are useless for finding intermittent memory errors.
Memory chips consist of a large array of tightly packed memory cells, one for each bit of data. The vast majority of the intermittent failures are a result of interaction between these memory cells. Often writing a memory cell can cause one of the adjacent cells to be written with the same data. An effective memory test should attempt to test for this condition. Therefore, an ideal strategy for testing memory would be the following:
1) write a cell with a zero
2) write all of the adjacent cells with a one, one or more times
3) check that the first cell still has a zero
It should be obvious that this strategy requires an exact knowledge of how the memory cells are laid out on the chip. In addition there is a never ending number of possible chip layouts for different chip types and manufacturers making this strategy impractical. However, there are testing algorithms that can approximate this ideal.
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Memtest86 Test Algorithms
Memtest86 uses two algorithms that provide a reasonable approximation of the ideal test strategy above. The first of these strategies is called moving inversions. The moving inversion test works as follows:
1) Fill memory with a pattern
2) Starting at the lowest address
2a check that the pattern has not changed
2b write the patterns complement
2c increment the address
repeat 2a - 2c
3) Starting at the highest address
3a check that the pattern has not changed
3b write the patterns complement
3c decrement the address
repeat 3a - 3c
This algorithm is a good approximation of an ideal memory test but there are some limitations. Most high density chips today store data 4 to 16 bits wide. With chips that are more than one bit wide it is impossible to selectively read or write just one bit. This means that we cannot guarantee that all adjacent cells have been tested for interaction. In this case the best we can do is to use some patterns to insure that all adjacent cells have at least been written with all possible one and zero combinations.
It can also be seen that caching, buffering and out of order execution will interfere with the moving inversions algorithm and make less effective. It is possible to turn off cache but the memory buffering in new high performance chips can not be disabled. To address this limitation a new algorithm I call Modulo-X was created. This algorithm is not affected by cache or buffering. The algorithm works as follows:
1) For starting offsets of 0 - 20 do
1a write every 20th location with a pattern
1b write all other locations with the patterns complement
repeat 1b one or more times
1c check every 20th location for the pattern
This algorithm accomplishes nearly the same level of adjacency testing as moving inversions but is not affected by caching or buffering. Since separate write passes (1a, 1b) and the read pass (1c) are done for all of memory we can be assured that all of the buffers and cache have been flushed between passes. The selection of 20 as the stride size was somewhat arbitrary. Larger strides may be more effective but would take longer to execute. The choice of 20 seemed to be a reasonable compromise between speed and thoroughness.
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Individual Test Descriptions
Memtest86 executes a series of numbered test sections to check for errors. These test sections consist of a combination of test algorithm, data pattern and cache setting. The execution order for these tests were arranged so that errors will be detected as rapidly as possible. Tests 8, 9, 10 and 11 are very long running extended tests and are only executed when extended testing is selected. The extended tests have a low probability of finding errors that were missed by the default tests. A description of each of the test sections follows:
Test 0 [Address test, walking ones, no cache]
Tests all address bits in all memory banks by using a walking ones address pattern.
Test 1 [Moving Inv, ones&zeros, cached]
This test uses the moving inversions algorithm with patterns of only ones and zeros. Cache is enabled even though it interferes to some degree with the test algorithm. With cache enabled this test does not take long and should quickly find all "hard" errors and some more subtle errors. This test is only a quick check.
Test 2 [Address test, own address, no cache]
Each address is written with its own address and then is checked for consistency. In theory previous tests should have caught any memory addressing problems. This test should catch any addressing errors that somehow were not previously detected.
Test 3 [Moving inv, 8 bit pat, cached]
This is the same as test one but uses a 8 bit wide pattern of "walking" ones and zeros. This test will better detect subtle errors in "wide" memory chips. A total of 20 data patterns are used.
Test 4 [Moving inv, 32 bit pat, cached]
This is a variation of the moving inversions algorithm that shifts the data pattern left one bit for each successive address. The starting bit position is shifted left for each pass. To use all possible data patterns 32 passes are required. This test is effective in detecting data sensitive errors in "wide" memory chips.
Test 5 [Block move, 64 moves, cached]
This test stresses memory by using block move (movsl) instructions and is based on Robert Redelmeier's burnBX test. Memory is initialized with shifting patterns that are inverted every 8 bytes. Then 4mb blocks of memory are moved around using the movsl instruction. After the moves are completed the data patterns are checked. Because the data is checked only after the memory moves are completed it is not possible to know where the error occurred. The addresses reported are only for where the bad pattern was found. Since the moves are constrained to a 8mb segment of memory the failing address will always be less than 8mb away from the reported address. Errors from this test are not used to calculate BadRAM patterns.
Test 6 [Modulo 20, ones&zeros, cached]
Using the Modulo-X algorithm should uncover errors that are not detected by moving inversions due to cache and buffering interference with the the algorithm. As with test one only ones and zeros are used for data patterns.
Test 7 [Moving inv, ones&zeros, no cache]
This is the same as test one but without cache. With cache off there will be much less interference with the test algorithm. However, the execution time is much, much longer. This test may find very subtle errors missed by previous tests.
Test 8 [Block move, 512 moves, cached]
This is the first extended test. This is the same as test #5 except that we do more memory moves before checking memory. Errors from this test are not used to calculate BadRAM patterns.
Test 9 [Moving inv, 8 bit pat, no cache]
By using an 8 bit pattern with cache off this test should be effective in detecting all types of errors. However, it takes a very long time to execute and there is a low probability that it will detect errors not found by the previous tests.
Test 10 [Modulo 20, 8 bit, cached]
This is the first test to use the Modulo-X algorithm with a data pattern other than ones and zeros. This combination of algorithm and data pattern should be quite effective. However, it's very long execution time relegates it to the extended test section.
Test 11 [Moving inv, 32 bit pat, no cache]
This test should be the most effective in finding errors that are data pattern sensitive. However, without cache it's execution time is excessively long.
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Problem Reporting - Contact Information
Due to the growing popularity of Memtest86 (almost 100,000 downloads per month) I have been inundated by, questions, feedback, problem reports and requests for enhancements. Memtest86 is a sideline project and often my day job interferes with Memtest86 support. To help me keep up with this project, please use the following guidelines.
Problems/Bugs
Before submitting a problem report please check the Known Problems section to see if this problem has already been reported. Be sure to include the version number and also any details that may be relevant.
With some PC's Memtest86 will just die with no hints as to what went wrong. Without any details it is impossible to fix these failures. Fixing these problems will require debugging assistance on your part. There is no point in reporting these failures unless you have a Linux system and would be willing to assist me in finding the failure.
Enhancements
If you would like to request an enhancement please see if is already on the Planned Features List before sending your request. All requests will be considered, but not all will be implemented. If you are be interested in contributing code please contact me so that the integration can be co-ordinated.
Questions
Unfortunately, I simply do not have time to respond to questions or provide assistance with troubleshooting problems. Please read the Troubleshooting and Known Problems sections for assistance with problems. These sections have the answers for the questions that I have answers to. If there is not an answer for your problem in these sections it is probably not something I can help you with.
Chris Brady, Email: chris@memtest86.com
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Donations
With considerable reluctance I am resorting to a low key solicitation for donations. It never has been my intent to profit from this program and I am pleased that Memtest86 has been helpful. However, the time required to support this program has grown significantly. I also have the modest cost of hosting this web-site that I would like to recover. So if you find Memtest86 useful and you feel inclined to make a small PayPal donation please do so. Use my e-mail address "chris@memtest86.com" for the recipient.
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Known Problems
Sometimes when booting from a floppy disk the following messages scroll up on the screen:
X:8000
AX:0212
BX:8600
CX:0201
DX:0000
This the BIOS reporting floppy disk read errors. Either re-write or toss the floppy disk.
Memtest86 can not diagnose many types of PC failures. For example a faulty CPU that causes Windows to crash will most likely just cause Memtest86 to crash in the same way.
There have been numerous reports of errors in only tests 5 and 8 on Athlon systems. Often the memory works in a different system or the vendor insists that it is good. In these cases the memory is not necessarily bad but is not able to operate reliably at Athlon speeds. Sometimes more conservative memory timings on the motherboard will correct these errors. In other cases the only option is to replace the memory with better quality, higher speed memory. Don't buy cheap memory and expect it to work with an Athlon! On occasion test 5/8 errors will occur even with name brand memory and a quality motherboard. These errors are legitimate and should be corrected.
Memtest86 has no support for multiple processors. Memtest86 should run without problems, but it will only use one CPU.
Memtest86 supports all types of memory. If fact the test has no knowledge of the memory type nor does it need to. This not a problem or bug but is listed here due to the many questions I get about this issue.
Changes in the compiler and loader have caused problems with Memtest86 resulting in both build failures and errors in execution. A binary image (precomp.bin) of the test is included and may be used if problems are encountered.
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Planned Features List
This is a list of enhancements planned for future releases of Memtest86. There is no timetable for when these will be implemented, if ever.
Option to allow printing of error information on an attached printer.
A startup menu for configuring Memtest86 before testing starts.
Supply Memtest in RPM format.
Read and display RAM SPD information.
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Change Log
Enhancements in v3.0 (22/May/2002) - Provided by Eric Biederman
Testing of more than 2gb of memory is at last fixed (tested with 6Gb)
The infrastructure is to poll ecc error reporting chipset regisets, and the support has been done for some chipsets.
Uses dynamic relocation information records to make itself PIC instead of requiring 2 copies of memtest86 in the binary.
The serial console code does not do redundant writes to the serial port. Very little slow down at 9600 baud.
You can press ^l or just l to get a screen refresh, when you are connecting and unconnecting a serial cable.
Netbooting is working again
LinuxBIOS support (To get the memory size)
Many bugfixes and code cleanup
Enhancements in v2.9 (29/Feb/2002)
The memory sizing code has been completely rewritten. By default Memtest86 gets a memory map from the BIOS that is now used to find available memory. A new online configuration option provides three choices for how memory will be sized, including the old "probe" method. The default mode generally will not test all of memory, but should be more stable. See the Memory Sizing section for details.
Testing of more than 2gb of memory should now work. A number of bugs were found and corrected that prevented testing above 2gb. Testing with more than 2gb has been limited and there could be problems with a full 4gb of memory.
Memory is divided into segments for testing. This allow for frequent progress updates and responsiveness to interactive commands. The memory segment size has been increased from 8 to 32mb. This should improve testing effectivness but progress reports will be less frequent.
Minor bug fixes
Enhancements in v2.8 (18/Oct/2001)
Eric Biederman reworked the build process making it far simpler and also to produce a network bootable ELF image.
Re-wrote the memory and cache speed detection code. Previously the reported numbers were inaccurate for intel CPU's and completely wrong for the Athlon and Duron.
Disabled the serial console by default since it was slowing down testing.
Added CPU detection for Pentium 4
Minor bug fixes
Enhancements in v2.7 (12/Jul/2001)
Expanded workaround for errors caused by BIOS USB keyboard support to include test #5.
Re-worked L1 / L2 cache detection code to provide clearer reporting.
Fixed an obvious bug in the computation of cache and memory speeds.
Added a menu option to disable the serial console.
Changed on-line menu to stay in the menu between option selections.
Fixed bugs in the test restart and redraw code.
Adjusted code size to fix compilation problems with RedHat 7.1.
Misc updates to the documentation.
Enhancements in v2.6 (25/May/2001)
Added workaround for errors caused by BIOS USB keyboard support.
Fixed problems with reporting of 1 GHZ + processor speeds.
Fixed Duron cache detection.
Added screen buffer so that menus will work correctly from a serial console.
The Memtest86 image is now built in ELF format.
Enhancements in v2.5 (13/Dec/00)
Enhanced CPU and cache detection to correctly identify Duron CPU and K6-III 1mb cache.
Added code to report cache-able memory size.
Added limited support for parity memory.
Support was added to allow use of on-line commands from a serial port.
Dropped option for changing refresh rates. This was not useful and did not work on newer motherboards.
Improved fatal exception reporting to include a register and stack dump.
The pass number is now displayed in the error report.
Fixed a bug that crashed the test when selecting one of the extended tests.
Enhancements in v2.4
The error report format was reworked for better clarity and now includes a decimal address in megabytes.
A new memory move test was added (from Robert Redelmeier's CPU-Burn)
The test sequence and iterations were modified.
Fixed scrolling problems with the BadRAM patterns.
Updated and improved CPU and cache detection.
Enhancements in v2.3
Measurement and reporting of memory and cache performance was added.
All of the test routines were rewritten in assembler to improve both error detection and speed.
A progress meter was added to show pass and test completion.
The screen layout was reworked to hopefully be more readable.
Support for creating BadRAM patterns was added.
An error summary option was added to the online commands.
Enhancements in v2.2
Added two new address tests.
Added an on-line command for setting test address range.
Optimized test code for faster execution (-O3, -funroll-loops and -fomit-frame-pointer).
Added and elapsed time counter.
Adjusted menu options for better consistency.
Enhancements in v2.1
Fixed a bug in the CPU detection that caused the test to hang or crash with some 486 and Cryrix CPU's
Added CPU detection for Cyrix CPU's
Extended and improved CPU detection for Intel and AMD CPU's
Added a compile time option (BIOS_MEMSZ) for obtaining the last memory address from the BIOS. This should fix problems with memory sizing on certain motherboards. This option is not enabled by default. It may be enabled by default in a future release.
Enhancements in v2.0
Added new Modulo-20 test algorithm.
Added a 32 bit shifting pattern to the moving inversions algorithm.
Created test sections to specify algorithm, pattern, cache and refresh rate.
Improved test progress indicators.
Created popup menus for configuration.
Added menu for test selection.
Added CPU and cache identification.
Added a "bail out" feature to quit the current test when it does not fit the test selection parameters.
Re-arranged the screen layout and colors.
Created local include files for I/O and serial interface definitions rather than using the sometimes incompatible system include files.
Broke up the "C" source code into four separate source modules.
Enhancements in v1.5
Some additional changes were made to fix obscure memory sizing problems.
The 4 bit wide data pattern was increased to 8 bits since 8 bit wide memory chips are becoming more common.
A new test algorithm was added to improve detection of data pattern sensitive errors.
Enhancements in v1.4
Changes to the memory sizing code to avoid problems with some motherboards where Memtest86 would find more memory than actually exists.
Added support for a console serial port. (thanks to Doug Sisk)
On-line commands are now available for configuring Memtest86 on the fly (see On-line Commands).
Enhancements in v1.3
Scrolling of memory errors is now provided. Previously, only one screen of error information was displayed.
Memtest86 can now be booted from any disk via lilo.
Detection of up to 4gb of memory has been fixed is now enabled by default. This capability was clearly broken in v1.2a and should work correctly now but has not been fully tested (4gb PC's are a bit rare).
The maximum memory size supported by the motherboard is now being calculated correctly. In previous versions there were cases where not all of memory would be tested and the maximum memory size supported was incorrect.
For some types of failures the good and bad values were reported to be same with an Xor value of 0. This has been fixed by retaining the data read from memory and not re-reading the bad data in the error reporting routine.
APM (advanced power management) is now disabled by Memtest86. This keeps the screen from blanking while the test is running.
Problems with enabling & disabling cache on some motherboards have been corrected.
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Acknowledgments
The initial versions of the source files bootsect.S, setup.S, head.S and build.c are from the Linux 1.2.1 kernel and have been heavily modified.
Doug Sisk provided code to support a console connected via a serial port.
Code to create BadRAM patterns was provided by Rick van Rein.
Screen buffer code was provided by Jani Averbach.
Eric Biederman reworked the build process making it far simpler and also to produce a network bootable ELF image.
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