if you want to test the thermostat just take it out and see if still overheats. you do not need a thermostat and when a thermostat goes bad it gets stuck closed so just removing it is the test for that.
other things that it could be is a bad water pump or a blown head gasket.
does the heater still work?
other than that it would have to be a bad hose or a leak
if you check your oil and see some milky like quality(or anything that does not look like oil) to it it is probably a blown head gasket and you should not run that car till fixed.