i hate that error, so meaningful - its possible that your anti virus stopped it.
before looking below, try these two commands and see if they fix anything:
http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wiki/windows_10-update/system-file-check-sfc-scan-and-repair-system-files/bc609315-da1f-4775-812c-695b60477a93
can also try auto repair:
After you boot your computer using Windows 10 CD/ DVD or System Repair Disc, a black screen appears with gray text "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD". Press any key.
Select the correct time and Keyboard type.
Click on Repair your computer in the lower left corner.
Select Troubleshoot from Choose an option screen.
Click on Advanced options in Troubleshoot screen.
Click on Automatic Repair from Advanced Options screen.
Next, choose the operating system by clicking on its button.
Windows 10 will look for problems on hard drive(s) and verify that all required files are intact.
If they don't...
Since win 10 still works, you could backup anything you want to keep and just do a full install using that iso, boot from it instead of inside windows and try the install process. it should put itself over the top of the version you have. whether that fixes the problem you have with internet is another thing.
I think the fresh install mode is a better choice if you have a storage device apart from boot drive in pc.
Did you update from win 7 or 8?
If 7, you may need to delete every partition on boot drive to install win 10, so don't do this unless you either have a boot disc apart from the nvme or don't care about losing everything on Reason being GPT: http://www.howtogeek.com/193669/whats-the-difference-between-gpt-and-mbr-when-partitioning-a-drive/
If win 8 & your boot device is probably formatted to GPT already, then I think you only need format the one partition on the boot drive
this will help:
http://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/1950-windows-10-clean-install.html