Any hardware or home improvement type store should carry them. Auto parts or gun stores are far more likely to carry detergent oils. About the only kind of oil to avoid is any vegetable based oil because that will eventually polymerize into a sticky varnish that will stop the fan! And gear oils may contain extreme-pressure additives that corrode bronze bearings. Mineral or synthetic both work fine, but a fan is unlikely to see either the subfreezing or searing hot temperatures where synthetics shine.
There may be other considerations as well. For example I've not found anything better to prevent bare steel from rusting outside than Eezox but it's not a particularly great lubricant, plus it's nearly 100% phthalates--an endocrine disruptor. 100 years from now, people may be horrified that we used it for such trivial things, much like how we look 100 years back at how polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used then.
I've found that sleeve bearing fans worn from being operated horizontally (the
ends of the bearing have a very small thrust surface area) may continue to buzz/rattle when cold even after oiling, but switching the orientation to vertical allows for continued use with no noise (due to unworn bearing surface
along the axle).
Squealing and grinding noises are of course completely fixed by some oil. Some Corsair fans though lack an oiling hole so require
disassembly to reach the axle. If I had to do all that, i would grease it with some wheel bearing grease.