There is 2 ways to solve your case, not easy to diagnose remotely.
- First, it would be wise to plug your drive in Mac or Linux and see what happens...that might just work and you could get your data out.
- Second, it seems like an electronical/electrical issue on the PCB..I am thinking TVS chips, common old issue...I have written a comprehensive tutorial on this on this page http://www.deadhardrive-data-recovery.com/hard-disk-repair/, go to the PCB Failure part....check those 2 little chips, see if they are warm when your drive is plugged in. If so, you can remove them....
Let us know how this goes