So apparently the problem PC which we'll assume is a desktop PC is not your PC, but one you built for some other person, right?
So after a year of the Win OS booting & functioning without problems (after you apparently discovered the PSU was defective and replaced it), the owner recently informed you that the system doesn't boot. And you've obviously confirmed this as shown by the screenshot you submitted..
Since you've installed the problem HDD as a USB external drive in another PC and apparently have been able to access its contents as a secondary drive in that system, you've concluded the HDD is non-defective - a reasonable conclusion. STILL...it would be best if you would test the drive with a HDD diagnostic program available from...