Do you know what a MIDI file is? It cannot be just 'played back'. midi file needs to be hooked into a sound synthesizer, like fluidsynth, to play anything back. Any gstreamer player is capable of midi playback with the 'gstreamer-plugins-bad' package (provides fluidsynth) requires you to setup a soundfont file though. Windows media player can play back MIDI because it has a default (crap) global synthesizer that practically no one uses (because its crap).
maybe you just want to import your MIDI into a DAW like LMMS or Ardour.
https://lmms.io/
http://ardour.org/