What you propose could work although it's an iffy proposition. It might be worth a try since all you'll be wasting is your time if it doesn't...
I assume you'll clone the contents of your laptop's HDD to the SSD while the latter disk is connected as a USB device, right?
So then you'll internally connect the SSD in your new desktop PC (ensuring it's the SOLE drive installed, right?) and attempt to boot the system.
You may luck out and the system will boot to a desktop. If it does, you'll surely need to install whatever drivers are necessary from your new motherboard's drivers installation CD. If all goes well you should have a bootable, functioning OS with all programs & data available although it's conceivable that some programs may need to be reinstalled.
Again, this is an iffy situation - all the more so because an OEM system is involved in this "migration". While we've been reasonably successful with similar operations involving "generic" PCs, the failure rate is considerably higher when an OEM machine is involved as the source system. But since no adverse effects should affect your new system should the transfer fail, it's something for you to consider.
NOW YOU DO UNDERSTAND THAT IF THE MIGRATION IS SUCCESSFUL YOU WILL BE REQUIRED TO OBTAIN A NEW LICENSE TO ACTIVATE THE NEW SYSTEM, RIGHT?