No, RAID 0's purpose is to increase sequential performance by having file transfers split between two drives. If RAID 0 were to be somehow activated across two partitions on the same drive, that would only make performance much worse, if anything.
And in any case, even with two drives, RAID 0 doesn't make much sense these days. It will still be far slower than an SSD, so it doesn't make much sense if one is seeking optimal performance. And it inherently increases the chances of losing all data on both drives due to one drive failing. And even when running RAID 0 on two SSDs, outside of synthetic benchmarks, it typically won't make much difference to real-world performance. It was something that allowed people to get a bit more performance out of hard drives back when hard drives were the only option, but now its usefulness seems questionable for most usage scenarios.
I would just do what most systems do. Have Windows and your applications installed to the SSD, along with your most-played games if the system is being used for gaming. Then use the hard drive for bulk data storage, where performance isn't as important, and maybe an extended game library if you have games that don't fit on the SSD. And any irreplaceable data should be stored on more than one physical drive (not just partition), in case a drive happens to fail.