QVL is the Qualified Vendor List. It's a listing of ram that's been tried and found to function correctly on that mobo. It's listed by model number.
But here's the kicker. There's only a handful of actual ram OEM, they make ram for everyone. Gskill and Corsair are very popular brands, but they both use ram originally built by Samsung and SK Hynix. So when you see a 2133MHz gskill, it's probably got the exact same SK Hynix ram as 2133 Kingston, Corsair, Adata and many others. And most won't be on the QVL, only the few sticks actually tested. Furthermore, there's differences in model numbers, rgb, colors, kit sizes etc so a blue stick of gskill 2133 will have a different model number than a red stick from a 4pack of 2133, but be the exact same ram.
On top of that is changes due to price of the chips used. At the time of that test, gskill might have used 4 chips of SK Hynix ram to make an 8Gb stick. But a different contract with Samsung might be cheaper, so gskill ends up with 8 chips of Samsung ram to make the exact same 8Gb stick.
So all in all, at the end of the day, the QVL is useless as anything other than a list of ram that did work, so chances are good that similar ram will too. But no guarantee.
On the flip side, Kingston, G-skill, Crucial do extensive testing of their respective ram on every available motherboard, basically a QVL in reverse. If you talk to them, they can tell you exactly which of their ram will be best suited for your needs.
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There's 5 primary timings, like on my ram it's 10-11-10-30 2T. Cas is the first of those timings, so you'd see it referred to as Cas10 or CL10 or C10 ram, but it's all the same meaning. Generally the smaller the timings (compared to similar speed ram) the faster the ram operates and moves data to the cpu. So 9-10-9-27 1T would be slightly more efficient, therefore faster than 10-11-10-30 2T, at the same speed, but usually also costs more.
For 3200MHz, Cas16 is quite normal, Cas14 is a good bit faster, but the price goes from $80 for 16Gb of Cas16 to upwards of $130 for Cas14. You'll not really see much of any difference, they operate on a nanosecond timetable, but to a pc it's a world of difference.