warezme :
How did Rambus go from a patent troll that produced nothing and earning cash from law suites to making something? Did they buy a company with all their ill gotten booty.
The principle behind this is nearly two hundred years old. In fact if you learned about Fourier transforms in school, you were probably taught this as an example. When light coming in from a window hits a wall, the light pattern on the wall is basically the Fourier transform of the image visible through the window. If you could take that light pattern on the wall and apply another Fourier transform (FTs are reversible this way), you'd get back the original image (i.e. the scene outside the window). Presto - a lensless camera.
The tricky part is, in order to take the Fourier transform of the light hitting the wall, the intensity (brightness) is not enough. You also need the phase of the light when it hits the wall. Capture that phase information, and you've basically got a lens-less camera. Everyone has been trying to figure out a way to do just that. Lytro's light field camera more or less does it by capturing light re-focused by microlenses in extremely high resolution
after the focal plane, then using that data to compute the intensity and phase of light as it was crossing the focal plane. That's how you can refocus the image after the "photo" is taken - you just recompute it with the focal plane at a different location.
As computing power advances, people are probably going to come up with dozens if not hundreds of different ways to do this. So it's highly unlikely that Rambus' way will be THE way it's done in the future. The bigger risk is they'll get an overreaching patent which gives them control of a huge area of research that they haven't done and thus have no legitimate right to.
I'm not even sure this is the direction photography is going to go anymore. 10 years ago I would've said definitely. But the intervening decade has seen regular cameras and sensors shrink so much, now you can just put two or more cameras on a phone, have them take photos simultaneously, and have a computer use parallax in the pictures to pull out depth information and recreate the original scene in 3D.