Yes, but it probably wouldn't be bootable without repairs. For example the Intel AHCI and RAID drivers are in the same package, but are not the same drivers.
The drivers must already be loaded into the system in order to boot from it, so if you had enabled RAID mode before installing Windows to just a single AHCI disk (which does work BTW), then imaging that disk to an array would indeed be bootable and work fine.
Often, you can get around having to do a repair if using a separate SATA card (or 3rd party chip on the motherboard). Enable/Plug in the card and install the drivers after booting from the AHCI disk. The disk can then be transferred to the card and still boot. Then you are free to enable RAID mode and have those...