A few basics to get you started.
There are two common lighting systems widely used now, plus a few odd ones. (This does not include the older LED Fan units that have a single colour of LED in the frame, and only ONE cable from the fan motor to the mobo header.) RGB Fans are really two devices in one unit - a fan, and a set of lights. RGB Fans feature two separate cables from the unit to the mobo. One is strictly for the motor and ends in a female (with holes) standard fan connector (may have 3 holes or, more commonly now, 4) that plugs into a mobo male fan header. The other cable has a wider different female connector that plugs into a mobo RGB header (or one from a separate RGB controller).
The plain RGB system uses a 4-pin connector that supplies a common 12 VDC power line plus three separate Ground lines, one for each of the three LED colours in the lighting device. Along the light strip (or in the fan frame) all the Red LED's are connected to one ground line, all the Greens to another, all the Blues to the third. The controller manipulates those three ground lines to create thousands of colours, changing them over time. But at any one moment, the entire strip is one single colour. When making connections with this system, you must look carefully at the connector. It has the hole on one end marked as the +12 VDC line, and you must match that up to the correct pin on the other connector.
The more complex Addressable RGB (or ADDR RGB or ARGB, or some say Digital RGB) uses a similar connector with only three holes - looks like the 4-hole one with a hole blocked off. This supplies common +5 VDC and Ground lines to the strip, plus a third Control Line. Along the strip, all the LED's are grouped into Nodes. Each Node contains one each of the three LED colours (R,G,B) plus one control chip for those three in the Node. The control chip listens to the Control Line which carries from the Controller a series of addressed data packets with instructions. The chip in each node has its own unique address and does whatever it is told when its correct packet of instructions arrives. Thus all along the strip, every Node can be doing a different colour at the same time, and the resulting displays can be more complex, like a rainbow that can chase itself down the strip.
Because the Voltage supplied and the method of display control is VERY different between these two systems, they are incompatible. That is, you cannot mix them on the same controller output, although some mobos have separate controllers and outputs from separate headers for both systems. So you MUST match the lighting devices you buy to the type of mobo header your mobo has available. And the NAME of the lighting control system does NOT tell you that! Each mobo manufacturer has their own proprietary utility they supply with their board (e.g., ASUS Aura Sync, MSI Mystic Light, Gigabyte RGB Fusion), and these each are able to control BOTH types of header, depending on which is on the particular mobo. The difference is identified by the number of pins on the output header, the Voltage supplied, and the lighting system name. Plain RGB uses a 4-pin connector and a 12 VDC power line. Addressable RGB (ADDR RGB, ARGB, or Digital RGB) uses a 3-pin connector and a 5 VDC power line. So you need to check the hardware type, not the mobo maker's utility name.
NOTE a great opportunity for confusion in RGB Fans. The MOTORS of fans come in the older 3-pin system and the new 4-pin PWM system. At the same time, the LIGHTS in the fan frames come in the plain 4-pin RGB system or the more advanced 3-pin ARGB system. So the terms "3-pin" and "4-pin" are used for BOTH fan motors and lights, BUT these two types of devices are completely different.
The most common lighting strips and fans now use one "standard" 3-pin (ARGB) or 4-pin (plain RGB) connector for lights, but there are still some around that began with and continue to use a different connector style even if the electrical signals are the same, so watch for those. Sometimes you can get (some even come with) simple adapters to convert the connector type. But be aware that there is NO simple way to "adapt" one lighting system to the other.
As you say, OP, your mobo has one ARGB header, and two plain RGB headers. Connecting many lighting units to these often can be done with RGB Splitters of the correct type. You may be familiar with Fan MOTOR Splitters and Hubs. Splitters are simpler and merely connect all their fans in parallel to the mobo header, and all the fans powerd that way draw their power from the header. This imposes a limit on the max current they can draw, which often is NOT a problem with a modest number of new fans. A fan HUB, on the other hand, gets power from the PSU and avoids that limit, but usually works only with 4-pin fans. Rather similarly, you can get a Splitter for the LIGHTS part. It may be a 3-pin or a 4-pin RGB system Splitter, and it just connects your several lighting devices in parallel to the mobo RGB header and draws all lighting power from that header. As you may expect, there is a limit on max current that header can provide, detailed in your mobo manual. The tricky part, too often, is getting the specs for the fan. There ought to be SEPARATE specs for max current drawn by the MOTOR and by the LIGHTS, since they are connected and powered separately at the mobo. You need those specs to check the load from items in parallel using a Splitter, whether it is for the motors or the lights. But I find too often that the separate specs are not there.
If you have a LOT of RGB fans, you might need both a fan motor HUB to power them from the PSU, and a similar device for the RGB lights - an RGB Hub or ARGB Hub. They exist, but you probably will not need that, OP, since your plans don't appear to involve huge numbers of fans and light strips.