Download a file recovery app from the app store, run it. I have never tried running them off a phone, but if you really don't want to use a computer for this, that's your only option.
Best thing would be to check the card in a card reader on a computer, and try something like Recuva or TestDisk to see if they can get files out.
Next time, make sure you make backups of your files to a computer or cloud storage, do not rely on just the card. Way too many people don't think about saving their files till 5 seconds after they are gone.