Nope, if you had just formatted it you could recover it, but since you filled the card again, the old data is completely overwritten and therefore lost forever, no chance of recovery.
To put it simply, when you format a card using quick format, the data is still there, but the FAT tells the computer that the card is empty and allows writing, this is why you can recover a card with a bad FAT or boot sector by formatting it then using recovery software. You, however filled the card again, therefore overwriting all of the leftover data, you can't recover that which does not exist.
Next time back up your SD card before formatting it.