Hey there, Aaron!
I'd suggest you attempt to connect the external HDD with a different USB cable and a different USB port on your computer. If you have access to another PC/laptop, try to access the external drive from there as well. If you manage to get it detected long enough, you should definitely run the HDD manufacturer's brand-specific diagnostic tool and determine the health and SMART status.
If it does get recognized properly on the other system, you might want to check for USB Hub Controller driver updates on your motherboard/PC manufacturer's official website.
Keep me posted! Hope this helps!
SuperSoph_WD