It depends on your eye-sight. With age it becomes worse.
For me personally - 27" 1080p is perfectly fine
and 2k screen is actually requires 32" or 34".
BTW - what is use case of your system?
If gaming, then what graphics card are you using?
Does it have enough performance for high resolution modes (2k/4k)?
Actually I wonder; 27" 2k(2560x1440p) is suitable for 60cm width desk? Or do you recommend lower screen size for that kinf of desk dimensions, but keep in mind that if the screen size decreases, the resolution will drop to 1080P.
Since the width of the table is directly related to the distance between the monitor and the eye, I wanted to focus on this issue.
Btw dimensions of desk are: 120cm (length) x 60cm(width) x 78cm(height)
Do you have 27" 1080p monitor with 60cm widh table or are the dimensions of table you use different?
As for the questions you asked;
1. Components are;
Cpu: AMD Ryzen 7700 (nonX)
Moba: Asus Tuf Gaming B650 M Plus Wi-Fi
Ram: DDR5 2x16GB 6000 Mhz
Gpu: Asus Dual 4070
2. Focused on both gaming and general use.
3. Yes, I hope it can give enough performance for 2k.