According to Asus web site: up to 16 GB SDRAM, 1 x SO-DIMM socket for expansion, DDR4 2133MHz SDRAM
ref:https://www.asus.com/Laptops/ASUS-Vivobook-X556UQ/specifications/
go look at crucial and use the "what is on my pc" and it will be able to suggest ram type to purchase.
ref:
http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/compatible-upgrade-for/ASUS/x556uqk
but, if you have 4gb and 16gb is max, then the empty slot will likely only accept up to 8gb making it 12gb total
or if you ONLY have 1 slot and it has 4gb, then you would have to get a 8gb or 16gb dimm to replace it.
opening the pc will only tell the story.
how to replace your ram/add ram module starts on page 82 of this user manual ...